Tatari Faran: the Language of Fara

a-

ʔa

aux. org. marking prefix.

aa

ʔa:

interj. an exclamation of disgust or fright.

aba

ʔa.'ba

post. under, underneath.

aha'

ʔa.'haʔ

fin. to surprise, to shock. See: kukai, kukas.

aha'ai

ʔa.'ha.ʔaj

v. to surprise, to startle, to shock, to impress. See: beitata.

ahai

ʔa.'haj

fin. to do something, whatever, whatsoever. See: kakai.
See also: beihai.

ahi

ʔa.'hi

adv. suddenly, surprisingly, shockingly.

ahu

ʔa.'hu

fin. to blow (with air, or wind). See: fire, sakat.

ai

'ʔaj

(1) interj. yes; (2) adv. indeed; (3) fin. it is so. (4) conj. emphatic particle, indeed.
See also: bai.

ai'ai

ʔaj.ʔaj

fin. to persuade, to convince. See: be'atai, nia'itai, pojei.

aibai

ʔaj.'baj

fin. to find out if true, to discern between right and wrong. See: seitai, tsuta.

aipam

'ʔaj.pam

v. to pursue after, to chase. See: inui.
See also: tujui.

airan

ʔaj.ɾan

fin. with freshness, with vitality, dynamic. See: inas, kusa', miranai, miras, suhaa, suhitai.

aire

'ʔaj.ɾɛ

v. to freshen, to refresh.

airis

ʔaj.'ɾis

adj. young, fresh. See: nueri.

aisu

ʔaj.su

fin. bleeding, bloodily. See: hutakas.

aka

ʔa.'ka

post. out from, out of, away from.
See also: ebe.

akai

ʔa.kaj

fin. to cause to depart, to disperse, to dispel. See: tujui.

akaisu

ʔa.'kaj.su

v. to bleed. See: kora.

akan

ʔa.kan

fin. to come out. See: ekas.

akatai

ʔa.'ka.taj

v. to assemble, to build, to join, to attach component parts to each other. See: ite'.

akitai

ʔa.'ki.taj

v. to leave, to depart, to embark. See: anui¹.

ako'

ʔa.'kɔʔ

n. chicken.

ako' kakatan

ʔa.'kɔʔ ka.'ka.tan

masc. n. turkey.
See also: kakatan.

aku'

ʔa.kuʔ

fin. to be hit on the head. See: patam.

akuka

ʔa.'ku.ka

v. to climb (a ladder, a tree). See: anan.

akun

ʔa.'kun

post. (1) behind, beyond. (2) + temp. expr. - after (a given period of time).

am

ʔam

fin. to yawn. See: huuja'a.

amaa

ʔa.'ma:

fem. n. mother.

amai

ʔa.'maj

fin. to pardon, to clear one's debt, to make a settlement. See: sabaa.

aman

ʔa.man

fin. cordially. See: hanitai, jaisu', sabaa, tsinai.

-an

an

Genitive suffix.

anai

'ʔa.naj

v. to hold up, to hold high, to display, to show. See: fata.

anan

ʔa.nan

fin. “upwards”, “up to the top”. See: tapa.

aneho

ʔa.'nɛ.hɔ

*Common masc. name.

aniin

ʔa.ni:n

fin. to speak, to impart sense, to make sense. Also used to terminate quoted discourse. See: dana, tsana.
See also: e'aniin.

antai

'ʔan.taj

v. to defend, to protect, to block (something unwanted), to prevent. See: sata.

antam

ʔan.'tam

fin. to be handsome. See: tepas.

antas

'ʔan.tas

fin. to blocked, to prevent, to be barrier. See: be'itai.

anui¹

ʔa.'nuj

fin. to head toward a goal, to be directed, to lead the way. See: akitai, tuhanai.

anui²

ʔa.'nuj

adv. upwards.

apa

ʔa.'pa

post. on, on top of, resting on.
See also: ata, ura.

apai

ʔa.'paj

masc. n. loud yelling, loud shout.

ara

ʔa.'ɾa

post. with (a wielded weapon or instrument), using.

araf

ʔa.'ɾaf

v. (1) araf daa - to shout, to call. (2) araf atan - to howl (of a wolf), to wail loudly (of an upset child).

arai

ʔa.ɾaj

fin. comprehensively, extensively. See: ma'anai.

aram

ʔa.ɾam

fin. to behold. See: hamra.

arap

'ʔa.ɾap

v. to pick up, to take (something). Taker in rcp., thing taken in cvy., place or person taken from in org.. See: ikat.

arapau

ʔa.ɾa.'pao

neut. n. possessions, things being carried, what is gathered.

arui

ʔa.'ɾuj

fin. to be wiped off, to be expelled. See: kasai, pikitas.

arum

ʔa.ɾum

fin. to mumble. See: mumpai.

asa

ʔa.'sa

post. among, in the midst of, in the company of.

asai

ʔa.saj

fin. reddeningly, of a crimson, bloody color. See: karat.

asira

ʔa.'si.ɾa

fem. n. pond, puddle.

asu

ʔa.su

fin. fluently, smoothly, expertly. See: heinai, pamra, tiarap.

asuen

ʔa.'sɯn

masc. n. younger brother.

asusu

ʔa.'so.su

fem. n. river, stream.

ata

ʔa.'ta

post. over, above.
See also: apa.

atai

ʔa.'taj

(1) post. like, similar to; (2) adv. similarly, likewise.

atam

ʔa.tam

fin. strike against something. See: paritam.

atan

ʔa.tan

fin. “sorrowfully”, “grievously”. See: araf, daramai, suran, buaha.

ati

ʔa.ti

conj. meanwhile, in the meantime.

atsam

ʔa.ʦam

fin. “to belch”. See: karo'a.

atsun

'ʔa.ʦun

v. (1) to float, to swim; (2) to ride a boat. See: puipui.

atu

ʔa.'tu

post. falling off of, taken off from, plucked out from.

atu'

ʔa.tuʔ

fin. to cough. See: kuka'.

atuan

ʔa.'twan

post. (1) in front of, ahead of. (2) + temp. expr. - before (a given time).

au'au

ʔao.ʔao

fin. to bark. See: boha.

auti

'ʔao.ti

post. + infin.; until (a certain time).

ba'as

'ba.as

fem. n. edible fruit.

ba'asat

ba.'ʔa.sat

adj. sweet (taste), fruity. See: nari.

ba'u

'ba.ʔu

fem. n. stool, chair.

baan

'ba:n

fem. n. grandmother, old lady.

baasa

'ba:.sa

adj. large, huge. See: tura.

baba

ba.'ba

masc. n. father.

bafa

'ba.fa

v. to yell, to shout, to scream. See: daa.
See also: araf.

bahai

'ba.haj

neut. n. nothing.
See also: hai.

bahakia

ba.ha.'kja

masc. n. conquest, war, battle.

bahakitas

ba.ha.'ki.tas

v. to wage war, to carry out a conquest. See: daharan.

bahan

ba.han

fin. to be courageous, to be tough and strong. See: kuhaa'i.

bai

'baj

(1) interj. no, not; (2) fin. it is not so, indeed not.
See also: ai.

bai'as

'baj.ʔas

neut. n. (1) mistake, error, wrongdoing. (2) Untruth, lie.
See also: parikas.

baibai

baj.'baj

fin. to be shameful, to be shunned, to be avoided. See: nekare, sianas.

bama

'ba.ma

v. to embrace, to hug. See: jinai.

bana

'ba.na

v. to carry, to bring along. See: ikat.

bania

ba.'nja

*Common fem. name.

banta

'ban.ta

v. (1) banta tiap - to jump, to leap; (2) banta panpan - to bounce.

bara

'ba.ɾa

quant. (1) (indefinite) some of, a part of, a subset of; (2) (definite) the rest of, the remainder of.

baran

'ba.ɾan

masc. n. (1) morning, daybreak; (2) day. See: saan.

baran hara

'ba.ɾan ha.ɾa

adv. the next day, tomorrow. Lit., “tomorrow morning”.
See also: hara.

baran saan

'ba.ɾan sa:n

“It is morning.”
See also: saan.

baranui

ba.ɾa.'nuj

adv. eastward, towards the sunrise.

barat

ba.ɾat

adj. large and hefty (of a man). See: ukan.

baripai

ba.'ɾi.paj

v. to cook, to prepare food. See: sarapi.

bat

'bat

adv. to stop, to be interrupted. See: ha, irei.
See also: ibat.

bata

ba.ta

fin. to tread. See: tapa.

bata'

ba.taʔ

masc. n. village chief, boss, manager, someone in a prominent position.

batsiu

ba.'ʦju

n. insect, bug (esp. flightless insects). Masc./fem. used according to whether the insect is larger/smaller.

be

bɛ

post. negation ptcl.

be'an

'bɛ.ʔan

fin. in disagreement, in rejection, to decline. See: nura'.

be'as

'bɛ.ʔas

neut. n. lie, untruth, falsehood, deception.

be'atai

bɛ.'ʔa.taj

v. to tell a lie, to deceive, to misrepresent, to assert what is false. See: ai'ai.

be'itai

bɛ.'ʔi.taj

v. to reject, to decline, to refuse, to disagree. See: antas.

bebe

'bɛ.'bɛ

v. to thresh, to beat out, to shake loose. See: saraa.

bei-

'bej

fin. negation prefix.

beihai

'bej.haj

fin. negation of ahai. See: kakai.

beiko

'bej.kɔ

*Contraction of be and ko.

beinin

bej.nin

fin. quietly, unheard. See: hitai.

beino

'bej.nɔ

*Contraction of be and no.

beipa'

'bej.paʔ

adv. aimlessly, headed nowhere, for naught, achieving nothing, futilely.
See also: tapa.

beipai

'bej.paj

neut. n. nowhere, nonexistent place, nonesuch place.

beira

'bej.ɾa

neut. n., stone, rock, pebble.

beisi

bej.si

*Contraction of be and isi (occurs in the verb-initial imperative mood).

beiso

'bej.sɔ

*Contraction of be and so.

beitata

'bej.ta.ta

fin. speechlessly, at a loss for words, beyond description. See: aha'ai.

beka

bɛ.ka

adv. strong negative imperative marker, “must not”.

beman

bɛ.man

adv. “unable to”, “cannot”, “it is impossible for”.
See also: epan.

ben

bɛn

nominal negation marker; not, none of, no, without.

bera

bɛ.ɾa

conj. otherwise, or else, if not.

berana

bɛ.'ɾa.na

v. (1) berana ham - to wait, to take a break, to pause. (2) berana nisue - to await (in fear, anxiety, anticipation), to anticipate or expect (something undesired).

beta'

'bɛ.taʔ

v. (1) beta' patsa - to punch, to strike, to hit. (2) beta' daharan - to fight (esp. of hand-to-hand combat), to wrestle.

biamas

'bja.mas

adj. freshly cooked, delicious, tasty. Refers to hot, freshly cooked food. Compare sarap. See: sarapi.

bibi

'bi.'bi

fem. n. doll, effigy, toy figure.

bibi'

bi.'biʔ

v. to scamper, to run about, to move about (of a small, fast animal). See: i'im.
See also: pamra.

bihas

bi.'has

adj. bihas kiki - spicy, hot (taste).

bihuun

bi.'hu:n

neut. n. (1) powdered pepper; (2) any strongly aromatic powder, esp. with pepper-like spicy and sneeze-inducing properties.

binap

bi.'nap

neut. n., clay, mud.

binapan¹

'bi.na.pan

neut. n. clay tablet, often used for inscriptions.

binapan²

bi.'na.pan

*Genitive of binap.

binasu

bi.na.'su

masc. n. mudflow, lahar. See: karinaras.

binasu humpa

bi.na.su hum.pa

“A mudflow is happening/coming.” Esp. in describing an impending destruction caused by the flooding of mud. See: humpa.

biraf

'bi.ɾaf

fem. n. leaf, leaves.

birap

'bi.ɾap

masc. n. food, solid food.

biri

'bi.ɾi

fem. n. feather.

bo'

'bɔʔ

neut. n. wood, log.

bo'an

'bɔ.ʔan

fin. to be wooden, to have the appearance of wood. See: kumat.

boha

'bɔ.ha

v. to bark. See: au'au.

bu'u

'bu.ʔu

fem. n. ball, round lump.

bua

bwa

v. to boil, to seethe. See: bufat.

bua'

bwaʔ

fin. to discard, to dispose, to waste, to disperse. See: tukai.

bua'a'

'bwa.ʔaʔ

v. (1) bua'a' kirue - to vomit, to throw up, to be seriously ill; (2) bua'a' ehai - to cast out (of society), to excommunicate.
See also: kafetsai.

buaha

'bwa.ha

v. buaha atan - to sob, to wail.

buanas

'bwa.nas

num. five hundred (500).

buapas

'bwa.pas

n. loafer, worthless person, wastrel.

buape

'bwa.pɛ

v. to waste time, to be idle, to poke around aimlessly, to be negligent, to hesitate. Lit., to pour away time. See: hiam.

buara

'bwa.ɾa

masc. n. large, erupting volcano.

buaranui

'bwa.ɾa.nui

adv. toward the volcano. (1) In Southern Fara, understood as “northward”. (2) In Northern Fara, understood as “southward”.

buarat

'bwa.ɾat

fem. n. onion, esp. the bulb part of the plant.

bubu'

bu.'buʔ

v. (1) to sprinkle (condiments); (2) to beat (an herb) into powder form. See: firei.

bubua

bu.'bwa

neut. n. a boiling mud pool.

bue'a

'bɯ.ʔa

v. (1) bue'a muun to swallow, to gulp down. (2) bue'a kuun to drink.

bufaa

bu.'fa:

masc. n. smoke.

bufat

bu.'fat

fin. billowing. See: bua, tahan.

buha

bu.ha

fin. to be hefty, with stability, with gravity. See: juma.

buja¹

'bu.ʣa

n. the bottom part, the lower half. The gender usually follows the (grammatical) gender of the n. whose part it is referring to.
See also: faja.

buja²

'bu.ʣa

fin. to be pregnant. See: minat.

bumei

'bu.mej

v. to sit. See: utu'.

bunai

bu.'nai

masc. n. thumb. See: jiri.

bunari

bu.na.'ɾi

fem. n. adult woman.
See also: samat.

bunas

bu.'nas

num. two (2).

buneis

bu.'nejs

fem. n. giant mushroom. An edible species of giant agaric with a brown cap that grows up to several feet in diameter and a thick, short stem, usually found in forests at high altitudes.

bunka'

bun.'kaʔ

fin. clumsy, tumbling, blunt. See: jo'.

bura

'bu.ɾa

masc. n. large rock, volcanic bomb.

burut

bu.'ɾut

adj. fat, well-fed (of animals, esp. for eating). Compare busan. See: sarapi.

bus

'bus

adj. dry, dried (food, animal skin, etc.). See: hiis.

busai

bu.'saj

fin. to be constricted, to be bound, to be captured. See: tasa.

busan

bu.'san

adj. fat, well-fed (of people). Compare burut. See: miin.

busanan

bu.'sa.nan

masc. n. a fat man.

busanaran

bu.'sa.na.ɾan

*Genitive of busanan.

busu

bu.'su

fem. n. milk.

buta'

bu.'taʔ

fem. n. house, hut, dwelling place.

butsi

'bu.'ʦi

fem. n. thigh (of an animal).

buun

bu:n

fem. n. cauldron, cooking pot.

da

da

*Assimilated form of na. See: na.

da'ue

'da.ʔɯ

masc. n. personified terror, a terrible being, a monster, an evil spirit.

daa

da:

fin. to cry out. See: araf, bafa.

dafa

da.'fa

neut. n. dirt, dust, filth. See: herafa.

dafan

da.fan

fin. dusty, powdery, filthy. See: muras.

daha

'da.ha

masc. n. shoulder.

dahara

da.'ha.ɾa

masc. n. a strong, fearsome man, champion, hero.

daharai

da.'ha.ɾaj

adj. fierce, strong, having brute strength. See: ka'uan.

daharan

da.ha.ɾan

fin. to show brute strength. See: bahakitas.

daiman

'daj.man

*Common masc. name.

dakat

da.kat

fin. to transact, to complete a negotiation, to consummate. See: kuini, upitai.

dam

dam

fin. graceful, swift. See: jini.

dama

'da.ma

v. to tie (a rope around), to knot. See: busai.
See also: param.

damai

da.'maj

fin. to be gathered, to come together. See: mihat.

dana

'da.na

v. to answer, to respond, to reply. See: aniin.

dankau

dan.'kao

v. to collide, to hit (an obstacle). See: patsa.

darai

da.ɾai

fin. dragging, bumping, leaving drag tracks in the ground. See: kure'.

daramai

'da.ɾa.maj

v. to grieve, to bemoan, to wail, to lament, to mourn. See: atan.

daran

da.ɾan

fin. to elaborate, to compose. See: ku'i, tsana.

daranas

'da.ɾa.nas

num. six hundred and twenty-five (625).

datan

'da.tan

neut. n. color, appearance.

dei

dej

*Assimilated form of nei. See: nei.

di'a

'di.ʔa

quant. a few (used of people).
See also: pita.

di'an

di.'ʔan

fin. to repeat a few times, to make a quick, short gesture. See: pepa'.

di'as

'di.ʔas

num. three (3).

di'in

di.ʔin

fin. silence, to become quiet. See: kinap.

diaba

dja.'ba

masc. n. grease.

diabas

dja.'bas

adj. greasy, sticky. See: sisi'.

dibikas

di.'bi.kas

num. fifteen (15).

diin

di:n

3rd pers. anim. pl. pron., “they”, “those”.
See also: fei.

diru

'di.ɾu

fem. n. maiden, girl.

diti

'di.ti

adv. a little bit, for a little while.

diti iti

'di.ti ʔi.'ti

adv. in a little bit, in a few moments, soon.

do

dɔ

*Assimilated form of no. See: no.

domatai

dɔ.ma.'taj

neut. n. cart, carriage.

dui

'duj

v. (1) dui bata - to move forward, to advance, to approach. (2) dui inui - to advance toward a goal, to stalk, to creep forward.

dukun

'du.kun

masc. n. male servant.

dunan

du.nan

fin. to expire, to be finished. See: funum¹, mire', peka', suha'.

dunaran

'du.na.ɾan

neut. n. death, termination.

dunas

'du.nas

adj. dead, deceased. See: tsuen.

dunasan

'du.na.san

collect. neut. n., the deceased, the departed.

duru

du.ɾu

adj. (1) slow, delaying. (2) long (of time). See: darai.

dusa

'du.sa

post. along, following the direction of, alongside.

dusan

du.'san

fin. missed, misaimed, passed by, overlooked. See: tapa.
See also: paka be.

dusu

du.su

fin. trailingly, following behind. See: suka.

dutan

'du.tan

v. to hear. See: inin.

duum

'du:m

v. to sleep (involitional). See: imim.
See also: urum.

e

ʔɛ

ptcl. (1) Marks the start of quoted discourse. (2) Introduces an elaboration; “that is”, “that is to say”, “as follows”. See: e'aniin, eraa, e'ai.

e'ai

'ʔɛ.ʔaj

*fin. Marks the end of an elaboration introduced by e. Often contracted to just ai. See: e.

e'aniin

'ʔɛ.ʔa.ni:n

fin. Marks the end of quoted discourse. Often contracted to just aniin. See: e.

e'atan

'ʔɛ.ʔa.tan

*fin. Marks end of quoted discourse. See: e.

ebe

ʔɛ.'bɛ

post. issuing forth from, oozing out from, emerging from. Usually applied to liquids, or something continually emerging from the governed referent, rather than the more general aka.
See also: aka.

eha'

'ʔɛ.haʔ

neut. n. wilderness, wasteland. Refers to the desolated region in central Fara which is continually devastated by lava flows and pyroclastic flows from the central volcano.

ehai

ʔɛ.haj

fin. to be cast out, cast away, to be sent away. See: kafetsai.

ehe

ʔɛ.hɛ

interj. Variously used to express acknowledgement, hesitation, or derision. Always pronounced with low pitch.

ei

ʔej

(1) post. nominal conj., “and”, “also”. Follows case clitic of modified NP. (2) adv. “also”. Note that it can only occur in adverbial position in this usage, not as a conj..

ei'a

'ʔej.ʔa

n. pet (animal).

eimei

ʔej.mej

fin. to stand back. See: kibe.

eina

'ʔej.na

fem. n. peace, happiness.

eina jain

'ʔej.na ʣajn

“Hope it will be well with you”, “get well”, “wish you the best”.

eina'

ʔej.naʔ

fin. to twist, to be warped. See: kero', kuta'.

einan¹

'ʔej.nan

*Genitive of eina.

einan²

'ʔej.nan

*archaic adj. satisfied, restful.

eipai

ʔej.paj

fin. to survey, to look over a large area, to scan the surroundings. See: jana.

eka

ʔɛ.ka

adv. (1) strong imperative marker, “must”; (2) surely, obviously.

ekas

'ʔɛ.kas

v. to emerge, to appear, to come out from one's habitat or hiding place. See: akan.

eke

'ʔɛ.kɛ

post. (1) across the surface of, along the surface of; (2) + temp. expr., for the duration of, over a (time) period of.

epan

ʔɛ.pan

adv. “able to”, “it is possible for”, “can”.
See also: beman.

era

ʔɛ.ɾa

adv. “if”, “maybe”. If follows subjunctive v., means “if”; if follows indicative v., means “maybe”.

eraa

ʔɛ.ɾa:

fin. marks end of quoted discourse. See: araf, daa.

erui

ʔɛ.'ɾuj

post. through the midst of, across the extent of (an area).

esan

ʔɛ.san

fin. to hand over. See: kira.

esei

ʔɛ.'sej

adj. long, stretched. See: uetuen.

etipai

ʔɛ.ti.'paj

*fin. Marks end of an elaboration introduced by e. See: e.

faan

'fa:n

pron. 1st pers. inclusive pl. pron., “we all”, “everyone”, "all (of us)".
See also: mana.

fafa

'fa.fa

v. to fly, to flap the wings. See: heinei.

fahun

fa.'hun

v. to smell (involitive), to catch the scent of. See: uen¹.
See also: huena.

fai

faj

fin. (1) skywards, reaching the heavens. (2) heavenly. See: tuharas.

fai'as

'faj.ʔas

neut. n. truth, right (legal right, that which is fair, proper), uprightness, that which is correct.

fainan

faj.'nan

n. benefactor, good person.

fainan tse

faj.'nan ʦɛ

“Thank you”.
See also: fainan.

fais

'fajs

adj. correct, right, proper, true, good. See: ijun.

faisu'

faj.'suʔ

v. to thank, to be grateful to. See: mahan.

faja

fa.'ʣa

n. the top part, the upper part, the top half. The gender usually follows the (grammatical) gender of the n. whose part is being referred to.
See also: buja¹.

fana

'fa.na

adj. new, novel. See: kakat.

fanra

'fan.ɾa

(1) n. a jittery earthquake. (2) v. to tremble, to emit a jittery earthquake. See: tunpa.

fara

'fa.ɾa

neut. n. the Plain.

faranui

'fa.ɾa.nuj

adv. downwards towards the Fara (Plain), downslope.

fasa

'fa.sa

neut. n. (1) meat, flesh. (2) carcass, esp. of a freshly hunted animal.

fasat

'fa.sat

adj. meaty (taste). See: niman.

fata

fa.'ta

fin. to display, to make a show, to exhibit. See: anai, ona', uepa'.

fei

'fej

(1) 3rd pers. inanim. pron. it; (2) dem. n. that, those. Used only for inanim. things. Used both as sg. and pl.; the pl. hefei is only used when one desires to emphasize its plurality.
See also: mei, diin, tara'.

feramu

fɛ.'ɾa.mu

fem. n. dough.
See also: jiabat.

fere

'fɛ.ɾɛ

masc. n. cake, bakery (as in the food).

fia

'fja

*Common fem. name. See: fiajiniruteinisui.

fiajiniruteinisui

'fja.ʣi.ni.ɾu.tej.'ni.suj

*Name of legendary ancestor tekekuhakirakisan's daughter. Usually shortened to fia.

fifi

'fi.fi

neut. n. geyser.

fii

'fi:

*archaic masc. n., the sky, the heavens. See: sinkan.

fiiranas

'fi:.ɾa.nas

num. three thousand one hundred twenty-five (3125).

fijuen

'fi.ʣɯn

fem. n. window.

fikei

fi.kej

*Contraction of fei and kei. Only if modifying another n..

fimu'

'fi.muʔ

masc. n. skylight, ceiling vent.

finei

fi.nej

*Contraction of fei and nei. Only if modifying another n..

fipan

'fi.pan

neut. n. roof, shelter.

fipe'an

'fi.pɛ.ʔan

fem. n. season, time.

fipe'an ma'asanan iti

'fi.pɛ.ʔan ma.'ʔa.sa.nan ʔi.ti

*“Once upon a time” (lit. during the time of the forefathers).

firasa

'fi.ɾa.sa

fem. n. flower, blossom.

firat

'fi.ɾat

adj. blue, sky blue. See: fai.

fire

'fi.ɾɛ

v. to blow (used of wind or air). See: ahu.

firei

fi.ɾej

fin. to be ground into fine powder, to have smooth, powdery form. See: tibas, bubu'.

fisei

fi.sej

*Contraction of fei and sei. Only if modifying another n..

fitap

'fi.tap

v. to land on the ground on one's feet. See: ta'an.

fuan

'fwan

fem. n. wife.

funum¹

'fu.num

v. to die (of disease or age). See: dunan.

funum²

fu.'num

*archaic fem. n. death.

funumian

fu.'nu.mjan

fem. n. death, decease.

fupas

'fu.pas

neut. n. left, left-hand side.
See also: kupas.

furu

'fu.ɾu

fem. n. wheel.

fusitas

fu.'si.tas

v. to burn (involitive). See: sohaa.
See also: habas.

fusus

fu.'sus

adj. burnt, scorched, blackened (by fire). See: hubu.

ha

ha

adv. to begin to, to start.
See also: irei, bat.

ha'ai

'ha.ʔaj

masc. n. law, regulation, requirement, demand, statement.

ha'am

'ha.ʔam

fin. to place an order, to lay down a requirement. See: terep.

haa

ha:

fin. to make noise, to make a loud sound. See: pepa'.

haara

'ha:.ɾa

masc. n. loud noise, a roar.

haas

'ha:s

adv. loudly.

haba

ha.ba

adj. hot, searing (of an object). See: sisa'.

habas

'ha.bas

v. (1) habas saa - to set on fire, to ignite (volitive). (2) habas sarapi - to cook over fire.
See also: fusitas.

habat

ha.'bat

fin. fitting, matching, befitting a particular purpose. See: sutsai.

hai

haj

neut. enclitic n. thing, object.
See also: bahai.

hairan

'haj.ɾan

fin. to know, to be knowledgeable, to be informed. See: jataa.

hakin

'ha.kin

neut. n. front end, the near extremity.
See also: tsuekin.

ham

ham

fin. to exhale. See: berana, kibas.

hamra

'ham.ɾa

v. to see, to appear as. Seer in rcp., thing seen in org., and appearance in cvy. See: aram.

han

'han

n. friend, companion.

hanai

'ha.naj

n. neighbor, acquaintance, fellow townsman, fellow villager.

hanitai

ha.'ni.taj

v. (1) hanitai aman - to befriend, to acquiant (oneself with someone), to introduce (someone to someone else). (2) hanitai ai, hanitai jinai - to know (someone), to be acquianted with (someone).

hapas

'ha.pas

v. to harm, to injure, to hurt. See: karia.

hara

ha.ɾa

temp. adv. in the future, tomorrow.
See also: baran hara, kana, nara.

haranara

'ha.ɾa.na.ɾa

adv. day by day, continually, forever.

haras

'ha.ɾas

dem. n. (1) adj. the next, the one following; (2) adv. the following, as follows. Forward-pointing demonstrative.
See also: naras.

hatse'

'ha.ʦɛʔ

masc. n. a man's hair.

hausi

'hao.si

fem. n. duck, swan, kingfisher, or any of the birds that either swim or feed in water.

he-

hɛ

pl. n. prefix.

he'

'hɛʔ

v. (1) to spit; (2) to show spite, to denigrate, to put down (a person), to despise. See: pisi.

hefei

hɛ.'fej

pl. 3rd pers. pron. “those things”. Used only of inanim. objects. Emphatic pl. form of fei. See: fei.

heibikas

hej.'bi.kas

num. ten (10).

heinai

'hej.naj

v. to glide through the air, to swoop. See: asu.

heinei

hej.nej

fin. to glide through the air, to be airborne. See: fafa.

heiniras

hej.'ni.ɾas

num. two hundred and fifty (250).

heiranas

'hej.ɾa.nas

num. one thousand eight hundred seventy-five (1875).

heka

'hɛ.ka

neut. n. hedge, fence, enclosure.

hena

'hɛ.na

conj. “and then”.

herafa

hɛ.ɾa.'fa

neut. n. scum, dust, dirt.
See also: sitiran.

hiam

'hjam

fin. to be wasteful, to be careless. See: buape.

hibei

'hi.bej

dem. n., another, the other.

hibis

hi.'bis

adj. blind, blinded. See: pampa.

hiim

hi:m

fin. to sniff. See: huena.

hiis

hi:s

fin. to thirst, to dry up. See: bus, ibus.

hikas

'hi.kas

(1) masc. n. curse, misfortune, a deadly infectious disease. (2) adj. hikas kirue - accursed, tainted, diseased, infectious, imbued with a curse or pernicious attribute that causes or spreads harm or misfortune.

hike

'hi.kɛ

fin. (1) to bring bad news, to bring ill, to cause trouble. (2) to cause discomfort. (3) to be in discord. See: keitis, nifas, numitai, piana', surat, tsaka, po'at.

himas

'hi.mas

adj. tall, high. See: tutu.

himei

'hi.mej

fem. n. wing, wings (of a bird).

hina

'hi.na

fem. n. female servant, maid.

hinii

'hi.'ni:

adj. deaf, unresponsive. See: i'ia.

hirana

'hi.ɾa.na

neut. n. (1) stratovolcano (any volcano large enough to reach the clouds), mountain. (2) the specific glaciated, snow-peaked stratovolcano located beyond the northern boundary of Fara.

hiranui

'hi.ɾa.nuj

adv. northward, toward the stratovolcano. See: hirana.

hiras

'hi.ɾas

fin. fading, fainting away, wearing off. See: nurai, ues.

hirasan

'hi.ɾa.san

neut. n. depression, chronic unhappiness, weariness, (mental) fatigue.

hitai

'hi.taj

v. (1) hitai beinin - to whisper, to say in a low voice. (2) hitai hike - to speak behind one's back, to slander, to spread evil rumors.

hitse'

'hi.ʦɛʔ

neut. n. household pest, usually rat. Compare: tsukis.

hiu

'hju

fin. falling through the air. See: tafa.

ho'

'hɔʔ

neut. n. (1) vomit; (2) refuse; pej. something worthless or detrimental that ought to be rejected or discarded.

ho'an

'hɔ.an

masc. n. horror, nausea, gore.
See also: oho'.

ho'as

'hɔ.as

adj. horrific, nauseating. See: kirue.

hora

'hɔ.ɾa

masc. n. cave, tunnel.

hu'ai

'hu.ʔaj

v. hu'ai ja' - to dig, to unearth; hu'ai ju' - to mine (for gems); hu'ai hubu - to burrow (esp. of burrowing animals).

huara

'hwa.ɾa

fem. n. lake, sea, The Lake. (There is only one lake in Fara, located in the southern part of South Fara.)

huaranui

'hwa.ɾa.nuj

adv. southward, toward the Lake. See: huara.

hubu

hu.bu

fin. to be hidden, to be unseen, to be black and colorless (black is considered colorless), to turn into black coals. See: fusus, hu'ai.

hubus

'hu.bus

masc. n. coals.
See also: tanta.

huena

'hɯ.na

v. to sniff at, to smell (volitive). See: hiim.
See also: fahun.

hufu

'hu.fu

masc. n. breast, chest.

hufus

hu.'fus

fin. to reach, to run abreast. See: tsatitai.

huhan

'hu.han

v. to march triumphantly, to dance in triumph, to celebrate a victory. See: para.

huhei

hu.'hej

fem. n. wind, air.

huinin¹

'huj.nin

adj. pure, chaste. See: kirin.

huinin²

huj.'nin

fin. pure, chaste. See: tiras.

huinui

'huj.nuj

fin. to be confused, to be rearranged, to be mixed up, to be jumbled. See: kirakiru, tintan.

hujai

'hu.ʣai

masc. n. a sack, a bag.

hujas

'hu.ʣas

num. fifty (50).

humpa

'hum.pa

fin. surging, esp. pertaining to a destructive surge or onslaught. See: jamas, karinaras, binasu.

huna

'hu.na

2nd pers. pl. pron. “all of you”, “you people”.

huni

'hu.ni

fem. n. nose.

husu

hu.'su

v. to flow, to surge. See: pusu.

hutakas

'hu.ta.kas

v. to fire (a projectile), to unleash (destruction), to smite, to strike, to blast. The fin. used depends on what is being used to strike, or the effect of striking. The usual fin. is aisu, “bloodily”, used to describe the gore of a violent fight. See: aisu.

hutaran

'hu.ta.ɾan

masc. n. thunder, the noise caused by thunder. Lit., "that by which one smites".
See also: siris.

huu

'hu:

n. 1st person pron., “I”, “me”.

huuja'a

'hu:.ʣa.ʔa

v. to yawn. See: am.

huun

'hu:n

*Genitive of huu, “mine”.

i'i

ʔi.'i

post. according to, in the manner of, just as how.

i'ia

'ʔi.ʔja

fin. to be deaf, to shut out noise. See: hinii, kahaa.

i'im

ʔi.'ʔim

fin. to move about quickly, hopping from one thing to another. See: bibi'.

i-¹

ʔi

compositive prefix.

i-²

ʔi

aux. cvy. prefix.

ia

ʔja

fin. to be content. See: uenai, mahinai.

ibat

ʔi.'bat

Alternate form of bat.

ibe

'ʔi.bɛ

nominal disj., “(exclusive) or”, “if not, then this”. Follows case clitic of NP.

ibi

ʔi.'bi

post. together with, accompanied by. Refers to accompaniment with the topic NP.
See also: iki.

ibun

'ʔi.bun

neut. n. thirst.

ibus

'ʔi.bus

adj. thirsty. See: hiis.

ifi

ʔi.'fi

post. outside, outside of.

ihai

'ʔi.haj

fem. n. loud screaming.

ihia

ʔi.hja

fin. (1) to be out of breath; (2) to be in frustration. See: kiapitai, pahas, ues.

iim

ʔi:m

fin. “to stretch”, “to awake”. See: saba.

ija'

'ʔi.ʣaʔ

adj. short (in height), low. Compare pite'. See: nuen.

iji

ʔi.'ʔʣi

post. piercing into.
See also: uru.

ijiin

ʔi.'ʣi:n

fem. n. (1) moon; (2) + num., month.

ijun

ʔi.'ʣun

fin. upright, affirmative, firm, steadfastly. See: fais.

ikas

ʔi.kas

fin. stretching long and thin like a stick. See: tuene.

ikat

ʔi.kat

fin. holding in hand, grasping. See: arap, bana, tinju.

iki

'ʔi.ki

post. with, accompanying. Refers to accompaniment with a non-topic NP.
See also: ibi.

iki'

ʔi.kiʔ

fin. to make a screeching noise, to scratch with an unbearable sound. See: kere.

iko'

ʔi.'kɔʔ

fem. n. egg.

imaisin

'ʔi.maj.sin

fem. n. winter, cold season.

ime

ʔi.'mɛ

fin. only, just, scant, limited, finite. See: pite'.

imi

'ʔi.mi

post. in, inside of, within (an object or person).
See also: ipai.

imian

ʔi.mjan

fem. n. sleep, rest.

imim

ʔi.mim

fin. “slumber”. See: duum.

imis

ʔi.'mis

adj. cold, freezing. See: juju'.

imuen

ʔi.'mɯn

fin. affirmatively, positively, confidently, self-evidently. See: injat.

ina

ʔi.na

adv. “please”, “I want” (imperative mood), “wish” (indicative).

ina'

'ʔi.naʔ

fem. n. younger sister.

inai

ʔi.naj

fin. yellowing, of a bright color. See: pirat.

inaku

'ʔi.na.ku

masc. n. lamp, street light.

inas

'ʔi.nas

adj. bright, shiny. See: airan.

inin

ʔi.nin

fin. “to hear”. See: dutan.

injai

'ʔin.ʣaj

neut. n. apprenticeship, training.

injas

'ʔin.ʣas

n. apprentice, student.
See also: jataa, jatas.

injat

'ʔin.ʣat

v. to know (by learning), to affirm the truth of, to believe. Compare hanitai ai, purutai nitai. See: imuen.

inu

ʔi.nu

fin. to enter. See: turei.

inui

ʔi.nuj

fin. forwards, focused towards a goal. See: aipam, dui, nura'.

ipai

'ʔi.paj

post. at, in, within the boundary of (a geographical location).
See also: imi.

ipi

ʔi.'pi

post. beside, adjacent to, next to.

ipi'

ʔi.piʔ

fin. to edge towards, to slowly spread. See: pere'.

ira

ʔi.ɾa

fin. (1) to be seen, to be found. (2) to be (only in statements of being). See: tsuni.

iranas

'ʔi.ɾa.nas

adj. sweet-smelling, fragrant. See: muin.

iraneis

'ʔi.ɾa.nejs

neut. n. fragrance.

irei

ʔi.'ɾej

adv. to continue to, continuingly, to resume to.
See also: ha, bat.

iri

ʔi.'ɾi

post. around, near, in the vicinity of.

-is

is

Partitive suffix.
See also: -s.

isa

ʔi.sa

*Contraction of isi and sa.

isei

ʔi.sej

*Contraction of isi and sei.

isi

ʔi.si

conj. “because”. Occurs in both the cause clause and the result clause. The fin. is omitted from the cause clause but present in the result clause as a manner of emphasis. When the topic NP is present, isi occurs immediately following; when the topic NP has been elided, isi begins the clause and takes the case ptcl. as a modifier.

isin

ʔi.sin

fin. to gossip, to chatter. See: sisita, tsitsit.

iso

ʔi.sɔ

*Contraction of isi and so.

isu

ʔi.su

fin. wrenchingly, to have a wrenching sensation. See: puat.

ita

'ʔi.ta

post. on the surface of, onto the surface of (esp. used of etching, carving, or cutting).

itan

ʔi.tan

fin. to stumblingly run. See: pamra.

ite'

ʔi.tɛʔ

fin. to be fitted together.

iti

ʔi.ti

temp. post. when, during, at (a particular time).

iti'

ʔi.tiʔ

fin. to listen meticulously. See: kuni.

ito'

ʔi.'tɔʔ

fin. to become solid, to be as hard as a solid block. See: mire', ukas.

itsan

'ʔi.ʦan

neut. n. small volcano, cinder cone, hill.

itsui

ʔi.'ʦuj

adj. shy, timid. See: pipi.

itu

ʔi.tu

fin. to cast a stare on. See: juerat.

iuna

'ʔju.na

masc. n. freedom, liberty.

iunai

'ʔju.naj

fin. to be released, to be free. See: sabaa.

ja'

'ʣaʔ

fin. to dig, to burrow, to unearth, to sprawl on the ground. See: hu'ai, tafa.

jaan

'ʣa:n

masc. n. husband.

jabunas

ʣa.bu.'nas

*colloq. slang. contraction of jirabunas.

jai'an

'ʣaj.ʔan

fin. welcoming, receptive. See: ona'.

jain

'ʣajn

fin. safe, well. See: kibat jain, tanap jain, tapa jain.

jain aman

'ʣajn a.man

“And all is well”, “all's well that ends well”.

jainan

'ʣaj.nan

fem. n. safety, well-being.

jaisu'

ʣaj.'suʔ

v. to greet, to welcome. See: aman.

jaka

'ʣa.ka

adj. painful. See: sisa'.

jam

ʣam

masc. enclitic n. tooth, teeth (collective).

jamai

ʣa.'maj

*Short form of jamai'ibunisomatajui.

jamai'ibunisomatajui

ʣa.'maj.i.bu.ni.sɔ.ma.ta.ʣuj

*Name of the legendary matriarch of the inhabitants of Fara.
See also: jamai.

jamas

'ʣa.mas

v. to flood, to cover over. See: humpa.

jamba

'ʣam.ba

fem. n. snake.

jambas

'ʣam.bas

fin. to be stealthy, to be cunning. See: nipias.

jana

'ʣa.na

v. to watch, to observe. See: eipai.

jara

ʣa.'ɾa

fin. with (or without) hope. See: kurinai.

jaran

'ʣa.ɾan

fem. n. hope, expectation.

jaranai

ʣa.'ɾa.naj

v. (1) to cause to have hope, to reassure, to raise one's expectation; (2) to promise, to enter into an agreement. Compare pojei. See: seira.

jat

'ʣat

slang (1) interj. “Look!”, “lo!”. Used to draw attention to something. (2) ptcl. “You see”, “you know”, “indeed”. Usually put at the beginning of the clause. Etym. colloq. contraction of juerat.

jataa

'ʣa.ta:

v. to teach, to educate, to train, to learn, to inform. See: hairan.

jataran

ʣa.'ta.ɾan

neut. n. teaching, lesson.

jatas

ʣa.'tas

masc. n. teacher, instructor, mentor, master (of a skill).

jiabat

ʣja.'bat

neut. n. paste, esp. of food made into paste; stuffing.
See also: feramu.

jibet¹

ʣi.'bɛt

neut. n. perimeter, circumference.

jibet²

ʣi.'bɛt

adj. circular. See: ku'u.

jibin

ʣi.'bin

n. young child.

jihai

'ʣi.haj

neut. n. something. Etym. contraction of jiras hai.

jihe

ʣi.hɛ

adv. only, and nothing more. Etym. contraction of jihai in adv. position.

jijit

ʣi.ʣit

fin. to lay out in proper order, to line up one by one. See: peitai, tibe.

jinai

ʣi.naj

fin. intimately. See: bama, hanitai, sunai, tsi'ai, tsunia', jinai.

jinei

ʣi.'nej

fem. n. love, intimacy.

jini

'ʣi.ni

adj. thin and tall (of a woman). See: dam.

jirabunas

ʣi.ɾa.bu.'nas

interrog. num. _jirabunas ta?_ - how many? Etym. contraction of jiras bunas di'as “one or two or three?”.

jiranan

'ʣi.ɾa.nan

neut. n. mist, fog, cloud. When used as an NP, it means “cloud”; when used with murimuun, it means “fog” (lit. the enveloping cloud). See: murimuun.

jiranan akai

'ʣi.ɾa.nan ʔa.kaj

“The clouds disperse”, “the fog clears”.

jiranan murimuun

'ʣi.ɾa.nan mu.ɾi.mu:n

“It is foggy/misty”. Lit. “the cloud enveloping”.

jiras

'ʣi.ɾas

num. one (1).

jirat

'ji.ɾat

adj. green, lush. See: tsiris.

jiri

'ʣi.ri

fem. n. finger. See: bunai.

jo'

'ʣɔʔ

adj. (1) jo' nebe - blunt, dull (not sharp); (2) jo' bunka' - clumsy.

ju'

'ʣuʔ

fin. to mine (for gems). See: hu'ai.

ju'an

'ʣu.ʔan

fem. n. vase, water vessel.

juerat

ʣɯ.'ɾat

v. to look at, to stare at. See: itu.

jui'in

ʣuj.'ʔin

adj. (1) pretty, attractive, beautiful; (2) colorful. See: kakat.

juju'

ʣu.'ʣuʔ

fin. shivering. See: imis.

jujut

ʣu.'ʣut

fin. comfortable, well-fitting (of clothing). See: mena.

jukasu

ʣu.'ka.su

masc. n., fast-moving, blocky lava (a'a).
See also: sinasu.

juma

'ʣu.ma

adj. well-built (of a woman). See: buha.

jumba tsitsin

'ʣum.ba ʦi.ʦin

“There is an earthquake.”

jumba¹

'ʣum.ba

n. rolling earthquake.

jumba²

'ʣum.ba

v. to emanate a rolling earthquake. Used of erupting volcanoes. See: tsitsin².

ka-

ka

masc. org. prefix.

ka

ka

ptcl. masc. org. marker.

ka'am

'ka.ʔam

v. to eat, to munch. Eater in rcp, food in cvy. See: tsa.

ka'uan

ka.ʔuan

fin. muscular, to be mighty. See: daharai.

kaba

ka.'ba

neut. n. (1) arm; (2) handle (of an object), esp. a curved or looped handle. Compare penei.

kabai

ka.'baj

fin. with the arms, on the arm. See: nutai.

kafetsai

ka.'fɛ.ʦaj

v. to banish, to cast out (a person), to excommunicate. See: ehai.

kaha

'ka.ha

interj. great, awesome, wonderful.

kaha ai

'ka.ha ʔaj

interj. “That is wonderful indeed!”.
See also: kaha.

kahaa

ka.'haa

adj. loud, deafening. See: i'ia.

kahai

'ka.haj

(1) v. to run errands. (2) adj. busy, occupied. See: nu'un.

kahan

'ka.han

v. to expand, to swell, to fill up a volume. See: tura.

kai

'kaj

masc. n. sun.

kaiha

'kaj.ha

interj. “Start!”, “go!”, “move!”, “do it!”. Colloquial contraction of kakai ha. See: kakai, ha.

kaimian

'kaj.mjan

masc. n. year.

kaira

'kaj.ɾa

neut. n. an enterprise, a venture, the carrying out of a plan.

kairas

'kaj.ɾas

fin. grand, expansive, encompassing. See: paan.

kairatuhan

kaj.ɾa.'tu.han

neut. n. an adventure, a quest, an excursion, an epic.

kairei

'kaj.ɾej

interj. “Continue!”, “keep going!”. Colloquial contraction of _kakai irei_. See: kakai, irei.

kairitai

kaj.'ɾi.taj

v. to conquer, to overcome, to achieve, to attain. See: ti'an.

kaja

'ka.ʣa

v. to put on (clothing). See: murimuun.
See also: mena.

kakai

'ka.kaj

v. to cause, to take action, to make, to do. A generic verb that can refer to a wide variety of actions. Doer in the org., things being acted on in the cvy., and the result of the action in the rcp.. See: ahai.

kakari

ka.'ka.ɾi

neut. n. nonsense, foolish words, incomprehensible blabbering.

kakat

ka.kat

fin. gaudy, colorful, multi-colored, shiny, vivid. See: fana, jui'in, teiria', mimbai.

kakatan

ka.'ka.tan

adj. gaudy, colorful, fancy. See: inai.

kakeis

ka.'kejs

fem. n. rainbow.

kakitai

ka.'ki.taj

v. to flower, to blossom. See: paran.

kama

'ka.ma

quant. all, all of.

kaman

'ka.man

neut. n. everything, all things.

kamasan

ka.'ma.san

collect. neut. n. parents.

kamat

'ka.mat

v. to rescue, to save from peril. See: sata.

kamitai

ka.'mi.taj

v. to marry, to enter into marriage. See: kisan².

kana

'ka.na

(1) temp. adv. now, at this time, immediately. (2) temp. post. case marker, this time. Used only with temp. nouns, e.g.: baran kana - in this morning; mubun kana - in this night; tonight.
See also: hara, nara.

kapa

'ka.pa

v. to let go of, to drop (an object), to cast down or cast away. See: pa'.

kapa'

ka.'paʔ

adv. from there, out from there.
See also: kapau, kapi.

kapau

ka.'pao

adv. to that place, to there, thither. Compare: upau.
See also: kapa', kapi.

kapi

ka.'pi

neut. n. there, over there, that place.
See also: kapa', kapau.

kara

ka.ɾa

fin. to scatter, to shatter. See: parama, petsa, puaha, punpa.

karampau

ka.'ɾam.pao

superl. quant. the most of, too much of, overflowing amounts of.
See also: mene'ia'.

karapa'

ka.ɾa.paʔ

fin. to be bitten to death, to be gored. See: peka'.

karas

ka.'ɾas

adv. violently, chaotically, destructively.

karat

ka.'ɾat

adj. red. See: asai.

karau

ka.ɾao

v. to mix, to stir, to cook by stirring, esp. of a paste in a stone pot. See: ku'u.

karen

ka.'ɾɛn

masc. n. sandal, shoe.

kari

ka.'ɾi

masc. n. fingernail or toenail, claw.

karia

ka.ɾja

fin. to cause harm, to inflict pain. See: hapas, nekare.

karinaras

ka.'ɾi.na.ɾas

fem. n. pyroclastic flow, a deadly mixture of hot gas, ash, and hot rock fragments that avalanches down a volcano's flanks during an eruption.

karinaras humpa

ka.'ɾi.na.ɾas 'hum.pa

“A pyroclastic flow is happening/coming.” Often used as interj. of terror. See: humpa.

karo'a

ka.'ɾɔ.ʔa

v. to erupt lava, esp. in large quantities that form lava flows. Used of lava fountains. See: atsam.

kas

'kas

masc. n. torch, burning stick.

kasai

'ka.saj

v. to scrub, to wipe off (something from a surface with a cloth), to rub off. Compare pikitas. See: arui.

katabas

ka.'ta.bas

fem. n. black olive.
See also: kataf.

kataf

ka.'taf

fem. n. black olive tree.
See also: katabas.

katai

'ka.taj

v. to hold in hand, to grasp. Compare arap, bana. See: man.

katam

'ka.tam

adj. pitch black. Compare muras. See: hubu.

kauhi

'kao.hi

fem. n. lynx cat, esp. the most common white-furred lynx native to Fara.

kaumai

kao.'maj

neut. n. blanket, covering cloth. A piece of usually coarse cloth, used as a blanket or as a covering canopy.

kauna

'kao.na

masc. n. crow, or predatory bird.

ke

kɛ

cmp. adv. Modifies a comparative adverb, either puru or sutu.
See also: kumai, puru ke, sutu ke.

kefaa

'kɛ.fa:

n. horse, donkey.

kefatai

kɛ.fa.'taj

neut. n. horse-drawn chariot.

kefu

kɛ.'fu

fem. n. widow.

kei

kej

ptcl. fem. org. marker.

keika'ina

kej.'ka.ʔi.na

masc. n., fierce, feral wolf.

keiniras

kej.'ni.ɾas

num. three hundred and seventy-five (375).

keiranas

'kej.ɾa.nas

num. two thousand five-hundred (2500).

keisa

'kej.sa

fem. n., a field, an area.

keitis

kej.'tis

adj. sour. See: hike.

keras

'kɛ.ɾas

masc. n. inedible or poisonous fruit.

kere

'kɛ.ɾɛ

v. to scratch, to make a scratching noise. See: iki'.

kero'

'kɛ.ɾɔʔ

adj. crooked, bent, warped, twisted. See: eina'.

ketse

'kɛ.'ʦɛ

v. to hate, to dislike. See: hike.

ki-

ki

fem. org. prefix.

ki'ei

ki.ʔej

*Contraction of kei and ei.

kia'

'kjaʔ

fin. to be pierced through. See: saipitai.

kiamu'

'kja.muʔ

masc. n. prison, dungeon.

kiapan

'kja.pan

n. fool, foolish person, brute.

kiapat

kja.'pat

adj. stupid, crazy, incapable of reasonable thought. See: koko.

kiapitai

kja.'pi.taj

v. (1) kiapitai nana - to scold, to provoke, to insult; (2) kiapitai ihia - to argue, to quarrel. Etym., “to make [the other party appear] stupid”.

kiaram

'kja.ɾam

masc. n. salt.

kiaris

kja.'ɾis

adj. salty. See: hike, sarapi.

kibas

'ki.bas

v. (1) to breathe, to live (intransitive). The org. NP is the exhaler, and the rcp. NP is the inhaler. The cvy. NP is that which is exhaled or inhaled, although it is also used for the thing which breathes (both inhale and exhale). (2) to exist (used of people). (3) kibas kibeiri + infin. + sei - to have the strength to (do something). See: ham.

kibat

'ki.bat

v. to stand, to persist. See: man.

kibat jain

'ki.bat ʣajn

“Stand firm”, “guard well”, “bye now”. Said to those who are remaining while one leaves, particularly when the ones remaining are in some place other than a dwelling place.
See also: jain, tanap jain.

kibe

'ki.bɛ

v. to move (oneself) aside, to stand back, to avoid, to shun. See: eimei.

kibeiri

ki.'bej.ɾi

n. (1) breath, life. Agrees in gender with person to whom it belongs. (2) strength, energy (to perform a strenuous task).

kibeiri atuan

ki.'bej.ɾi ʔa.twan

“Just before”, “barely”.

kibeiri iti

ki.'bej.ɾi ʔi.ti

“At this moment”, “immediately”, “now” (“in this breath”).

kibi

'ki.bi

neut. n. bones, skeleton.

kibias

ki.'bjas

adj. famished, impoverished, skinny and lean (esp. of animals). See: nuri.

kibusu

ki.'bu.su

fem. n. soup, broth.

kiki

ki.ki

fin. excited, agitated. See: mahinai, pahaan, sarap, bihas.

kikia'

ki.'kjaʔ

fem. n. black fly, any annoying flying insect.

kiman

ki.man

fin. to be resourceful, to be crafty, to have sleight of hand, to be capable with methods. See: nimias.

kimei

'ki.mej

v. to perceive, to understand, to notice, to know. The perceiver is in the rcp.. See: tipai.

kin

'kin

masc. n. wooden stick, a branch.

kinan

'ki.nan

adj. skinny, thin, under-nourished. See: kuru.

kinap

'ki.nap

v. To quieten down, to become silent. See: di'in.

kinta'

'kin.taʔ

neut. n. bird nest.

kira

'ki.ɾa

v. To give, to hand something over. See: esan.

kirakiru

'ki.ɾa.ki.ɾu

v. To negotiate, to compromise (to give and take). See: huinui.
See also: kira, kiru.

kirakirun

'ki.ɾa.ki.ɾun

neut. n. negotiation, agreement, treaty.

kiran

'ki.ɾan

masc. n. young man, youth.

kirat

'ki.ɾat

adj. tall and swift (of a man). See: tepan.

kiri

ki.ɾi

fin. to enumerate, to count. See: tiri.

kirin

ki.ɾin

fin. innocently, guilelessly, naively. See: huinin¹.

kiru

'ki.ɾu

v. to withhold, to withdraw (something), to keep oneself. See: nu'.

kirue

ki.'ɾɯ

fin. gruesomely, to disgust, to be repulsive, or scary. See: mamaan, hikas, pehe'.

kisa

'ki.sa

neut. n. fire, flame.

kisan¹

'ki.san

*Genitive of kisa.

kisan²

'ki.san

fin. to be joined together. See: kamitai.
See also: kisian.

kisi

'ki.si

post. as a part or component of, (inherently) attached to.

kisian

'ki.sjan

*archaic fin. to be joined together.

kita

'ki.ta

*Contraction of kei + ta.

kitina

ki.'ti.na

fem. n. sour spice, esp. green herb or edible leaf that is sour-tasting.

kitsit

ki.'ʦit

v. to bite. Biter in org., victim in rcp. See: tsam.

ko

kɔ

ptcl. neut. org. marker.

ko-

kɔ

neut. org. prefix.

koko

kɔ.kɔ

fin. to act foolishly, to be confused.

kora

kɔ.ɾa

fin. “outflowing”. See: akaisu, suran, putara.

koro

kɔ.ɾɔ

fin. to croak. See: oroka.

koronta

kɔ.'ɾɔn.ta

neut. n. (1) toad, frog. (2) Any leaping insect.

ku

ku

fin. “noontide”. See: sifan.

ku'as

'kuʔas

adj. hot (weather). See: uesan.
See also: haba.

ku'i

'ku.ʔi

v. to engrave. See: daran.

ku'is

'ku.ʔis

neut. n. writing; derivatively, instructions, letter.

ku'u

ku.'ʔu

fin. spinning, twirling. See: jibet², karau, puni.

ku'un

ku.'ʔun

fin. hard-working, useful. See: mianepas.

kuana

'kwa.na

fem. n. family, household.

kuanas

'kwa.nas

num. twenty (20).

kue'itai

kɯ.'ʔi.taj

v. to mock, to deride, to make fun of, to belittle. See: nana.

kuebuta'

'kɯ.bu.taʔ

fem. n. (1) dollhouse, toy house; (2) miniature house, either a toy or for small pets.

kueharan

'kɯ.ha.ɾan

fem. n. rumour, anecdote, children's story, joke.
See also: maharan.

kuen

'kɯn

masc. n. tree (esp. a broadleaf/angiosperm tree).

kuera

'kɯ.ɾa

v. to laugh, to be happy. See: nari.

kueras

'kɯ.ɾas

adj. funny, prone to laughter. See: nari.

kuesimani

'kɯ.si.ma.ni

neo. masc. n. dog, puppy. (The san faran regard dogs as derisory diminutions of the guard wolves.)
See also: simani.

kuesura

kɯ.'su.ɾa

fem. n. toy dress, doll's dress. See: sura.

kuhaa'i

ku.'ha:.ʔi

adj. brave, courageous, bold, intrepid. See: bahan.

kuini

'kuj.ni

v. to have, to own, to possess (an object). See: dakat.

kuipi

'kuj.pi

neut. n. door.

kuka'

ku.'kaʔ

v. (1) to cough (2) to erupt, describing a strombolian eruption. See: atu'.

kukai

'ku.kaj

v. (1) to scare, to frighten, to fear; (2) to intimidate. See: aha'.

kukas

ku.'kas

adj. (1) kukas aha' - fearful, scary, frightening, dangerous. (2) kukas nari - (sarcastic) not very frightening at all.

kuku

ku.'ku

neut. n. fear, fright.

kumai

ku.'maj

cmp. adv. increasingly, decreasingly. Contraction of ke and umai.
See also: puru kumai, sutu kumai.

kumat

'ku.mat

adj. orange, tan, golden brown. See: bo'an.

kumbi

'kum.bi

*Common name. Can be either masc. or fem..

kumi

'ku.mi

v. to remember, to commit to memory, to memorize. See: ukum.
See also: tumai.

kumu'

ku.mu'

neut. enclitic n. hole dug in the ground for urination or defecation.

kunaisin

'ku.naj.sin

masc. n. summer, warm season.

kuni

'ku.ni

v. to listen for, to pay attention to. See: iti'.

kunpat

'kun.pat

v. to crush, to flatten (esp. by a large heavy object). See: pini.

kupan

ku.'pan

masc. n. scoop, ladle, spoon.

kupas

'ku.pas

neut. n. right, right-hand side.
See also: fupas.

kupu

'ku.pu

masc. n. (1) bucket; (2) slang. toilet.

kura

'ku.ɾa

neut. n. hunger.

kura kuru

'ku.ɾa ku.ɾu

“I am hungry”.

kurai

ku.ɾaj

fin. having richness, to be full of resources, to give much yield. See: tumaha.

kurat

ku.'ɾat

neut. n. ground, soil.

kure'

'ku.ɾɛʔ

v. to pull, to drag. See: darai.

kuria'

ku.'ɾjaʔ

masc. n. ear, the ears.

kurinai

ku.'ɾi.naj

v. to bury (the deceased). See: jara.

kuritas

ku.'ɾi.tas

v. to trample, to stomp on. See: pini.

kuru

'ku.ɾu

(1) adj. hungry. (2) fin. to be hungry, impoverished. See: nuri.

kurui

ku.'ɾuj

fin. malleable, pliable, soft. See: mui.

kusa'

ku.'saʔ

adj. healthy, whole, well, sound, good (of a person). See: airan.

kusei

ku.'sej

fin. to be healthy, whole, well. See: po'itai.

kusu

ku.'su

fem. n. urine.
See also: takutsi.

kuta'

ku.'taʔ

(1) kuta' eina' - adj. misshapen, deformed. (2) fin. grotesquely.

kutai

ku.'taj

neut. n. feces, droppings.

kutakaranim

ku.'ta.ka.ɾa.nim

masc. n. mythical lava-dwelling creature, described as a 4-legged giant spider as tall as a person, crawling out of erupting volcanic vents at night.

kutan

ku.tan

fin. to defecate. See: takutsi.

kutsi

'ku.'ʦi

masc. n. leg, thigh (human).

kutu

'ku.tu

fin. to be of old age, to be wrinkled, to be worn out. See: ne'itai.

kuun

ku:n

fin. to drink. See: bue'a.

ma'an

'ma.ʔan

masc. n. (1) fat, oil, thick juice; (2) essence, liquid extract, esp. viscous liquid yielded through crushing.

ma'anai

ma.'ʔa.naj

v. to think, to consider, to ponder. See: arai.

ma'asan

ma.'ʔa.san

collect. neut. n. (1) ancestors, forefathers; (2) elders (of a tribe of village), leaders.

maha

ma.'ha

masc. n. (1) heart (psychological); (2) liver (physiological).
See also: umpas¹.

maha'

'ma.haʔ

v. to hunt (for meat). See: ti'an.

mahaa

ma.'ha:

fin. to be venerable, to have acquired much experience through age. See: tihai.

mahan

ma.han

fin. to be grateful. See: faisu'.
See also: maha.

maharan

ma.'ha.ɾan

neut. n. story, tale, history.
See also: kueharan.

mahinai

ma.'hi.naj

v. (1) mahinai ia - to long for (a person), to think of (a loved person) continually, to have (a person) in the heart. (2) mahinai kiki + infin. - to fret, to worry, to be anxious.

mahita

ma.'hi.ta

v. to journey, to travel, esp. for a long distance, to make a trip. See: anui¹, bata.

mahitan

ma.'hi.tan

masc. n. long journey, long trip, mission.

mai'i

'maj.ʔi

fem. n. debt, past offense, grudge.

maimai

'maj.maj

interj. “I'm sorry”, “I apologize”.

maimai titi

'maj.maj ti.ti

interj. “I'm very sorry!”

makara

ma.'ka.ɾa

v. (1) to blend, to mix together; (2) to throw (things) into a disorganized heap. See: parapa.

makia

ma.'kja

n. enemy, opponent.

mamaan

'ma.ma:n

adj. (of skin) inflamed, having a mottled appearance, having skin rash or inflammation, having skin disease, leprous. See: kirue.

mamatai

'ma.ma.taj

neut. n. skin spots, freckles, skin rash, leprosy.

man

man

fin. steadfast, firm. See: katai, kibat.

man'at

'man.ʔat

neut. n. watchtower, guardhouse.

mana

'ma.na

pron. 1st pers. exclusive pron. “we” (excluding 2nd party).
See also: faan.

mantas

man.'tas

neut. n. lock, fastening bolt.

maraa

ma.'ɾa:

*Common fem. name.

marai

'ma.ɾaj

fem. n. forest, woods, jungle.

matsai

ma.'ʦaj

interj. “woe!”, “calamity!”, “disaster!”, “misfortune!”.

matsai'an

ma.'ʦaj.ʔan

neut. n. disaster, calamity, destruction, desolation.

matsite'

ma.'ʦi.tɛʔ

v. to die in a calamity, to perish. See: dunan, karapa'.

me

'mɛ

adv. (how many) times. E.g., jiras me - once, bunas me - twice.

mei

'mej

dem. n., this, these.
See also: fei.

meija

mej.'ʣa

quant. many. Used of people.
See also: titiran.

meijas

mej.'ʣas

num. twenty-five (25).

meman

'mɛ.man

adj. mature, grown-up. May also mean “old” when used of animals. See: paran.

mena

'mɛ.na

v. to wear, to be wearing, to be decked with. See: jujut.
See also: kaja.

mene'ia'

mɛ.nɛ.'ʔjaʔ

superl. quant. the least of, too little of, scant amounts of, not enough of.
See also: karampau.

mi'¹

'miʔ

n. face. Gender agrees with gender of possessor.

mi'²

'miʔ

neut. n. front (part of something).

mi'ai

'mi.ʔaj

adj. kind, gentle, compassionate. See: suri.

mi'itai

mi.'ʔi.taj

v. to show kindness, to be compassionate towards. See: suri.

mianai

'mja.naj

v. (1) to owe, to be indebted to; (2) to help, to do a favor for. The giver of favor is in the org., the beneficiary in the rcp. See: pa'a.

mianepas

'mja.nɛ.pas

adj. useful, helpful, capable. Compare: sutsai. See: ku'un.

mihat

'mi.hat

v. to meet, to come together. See: damai.

miin

mi:n

fin. satiated, filled.

mikari

mi.'ka.ɾi

fem. n. lady, noble woman, woman of esteem.

mikei

'mi.kej

*Contraction of mei and kei.

mimbai

'mim.baj

v. (1) mimbai kakat - to dream, esp. to have vivid dreams. Dreamer in org. (2) mimbai oho' - to have nightmares. Dreamer in org.

mimbi

'mim.'bi

fem. n. dreams.

mimi

mi.'mi

fin. to be in hiding, to peer from a hiding place. See: tsubi.

minas

mi.'nas

masc. n. name (of a male).
See also: minein.

minat

mi.'nat

v. (1) minat umas - to beget, to procreate (of males); (2) minat buja - to conceive, to be (become) pregnant (of females).

minei

'mi.nej

*Contraction of mei and nei.

minein

mi.'nejn

fem. n. name (of a female).
See also: minas.

miranai

'mi.ɾa.naj

v. (1) miranai airan + sahu - to wash (oneself), to bathe. (2) miranai airan - to clean, to wash. See: airan.

miras

'mi.ɾas

adj. clean, washed. See: airan.

mire'

'mi.ɾɛʔ

v. (1) mire' dunan - to freeze to death, to die of cold; (2) mire' ito' - to freeze (into ice or solid form).

miri'

'mi.ɾiʔ

masc. n. ice, frost.

miris

'mi.ɾis

fem. n. snow.

misa'

mi.'saʔ

v. to meddle, to poke around (affairs one ought not to be concerned with). Usually the party/parties whose affairs are being pried into is in the rcp..
See also: toto.

misai

'mi.saj

fem. n. deer.

misanan

mi.'sa.nan

fem. n. village, community.
See also: pasanan.

misei

'mi.sej

*Contraction of mei and sei.

misuen

mi.'sɯn

fin. to be deprived, to be taken advantage of, to suffer loss. See: nia'itai, niara', nifas.

misuu

'mi.su:

*Common fem. name.

mopan

'mɔ.pan

adj. ugly, shabby, dark. See: kuta'.

mopanai

'mɔ.pa.naj

neut. n. ugliness.
See also: mopan.

mu'

'muʔ

neut. n. hole, pit, manhole, esp. a hole in the ground.

mu'u

'mu.ʔu

masc. n. mountain, big hill, esp. a hill with steep sides.
See also: hirana.

muantai

'mwan.taj

masc. n. honor, reputation, majesty.

muantas

'mwan.tas

adj. majestic, honorable, great. See: mahaa.

mubun

mu.'bun

fem. n. night. See: murimuun.

mubun murimuun

mu.'bun mu.ɾi.mu:n

“It is nightfall.” Lit. “night is enveloping.”

mubun nara

mu.'bun na.ɾa

adv. “Yesterday”. Lit., “last night”.
See also: nara.

mubunui

mu.'bu.nuj

adv. westward, toward the setting of the sun.

mui

muj

adj. soft (of a substance), gentle (of a person). See: kurui.

muin

mujn

fin. soothing. See: poribai, sasarai, sunai.

muinas

'muj.nas

adj. soothing, calm, relaxing, comfortable. See: seira.

muini

'muj.ni

v. to soothe, to comfort. See: seira.

mukisa

mu.'ki.sa

neut. n. volcanic vent, hornito. Usually used of smaller, auxilliary vents. Lit., “fire-hole”.
See also: parat.

mumpai

mum.'pai

v. to growl, to rumble, to groan. See: arum.

mura

mu.'ɾa

fin. to grow, to develop, to expand, to sprout. See: turai.

muras

'mu.ɾas

adj. (1) dark, black, grey; (2) dirty. See: dafan.

murimuun

mu.ɾi.mu:n

fin. to enshroud, to envelop. See: kaja, sunai.

muu

mu:

fin. smooth, soft. See: sunis.

muun

mu:n

fin. to swallow chewed food. See: bue'a, pinai.

-n

n

Genitive suffix.

na

na

ptcl. masc. rcp. marker.

na-

na

masc. rcp. prefix.

na'iat

na.'ʔjat

fem. n. (1) mesh or net, esp. net used for fishing or trapping insects. (2) Coarse woven cloth, esp. used in making sacks.

na'itai

na.'ʔi.taj

v. na'itai simun - to sew, to weave, to knit (into a whole).

nabin

na.'bin

n. baby, newborn (pre-toddler).

nabinai

na.'bi.naj

v. to baby-sit, to spend one's time caring for a newborn. See: nu'un.

nana

nana

fin. to ridicule, to deride. See: kiapitai.

nara

na.ɾa

temp. adv. yesterday, in the past. Past tense marker.
See also: hara, kana.

naras

'na.ɾas

dem. n. (1) adj. the previous, the one before; (2) adv. the former, the preceding, what was just said before. Backward-pointing demonstrative.
See also: haras.

nari

na.ɾi

fin. “to feel funny or happy”. See: kuera, kueras, kukas, tsaijin, ba'asat.

naritai

na.'ɾi.taj

v. to cheer up, to make (one) happy, to cherish, to comfort. See: muin.

nasi

na.'si

*Common fem. name.

natua

na.'twa

*Common masc. name.

ne'in

nɛ.'ʔin

adj. (1) ne'in piri - decayed, corroded, badly rusted. (2) ne'in kirue - rotten (esp. of meat), tainted.

ne'itai

nɛ.'ʔi.taj

v. to wear out, to become old, to turn stale, to decay, to wither. See: kutu.

nebe

nɛ.'bɛ

fin. harmless, innocuous, useless. See: jo'.

neho

'nɛ.hɔ

*Short form of aneho.

nei

nej

ptcl. fem. rcp. marker.

nekaa

nɛ.'ka:

n. criminal, evil person, person with ill intentions.

nekaras

nɛ.'ka.ɾas

neut. n. offense, wrongdoing, crime.

nekare

nɛ.'ka.ɾɛ

v. (1) nekare karia, nekare misuen - to commit a crime (against someone). Crime in cvy., victim in rcp.; (2) nekare baibai - to commit an offense (usually in secret).

neko'

'nɛ.kɔʔ

n. knee. Agrees in gender with the person it is part of.

nemai

'nɛ.maj

adv. never.
See also: pepai.

nesaras

nɛ.'sa.ɾas

masc. n. wheat, barley; any edible grain.

ni'as

'ni.ʔas

num. four (4).

ni'ei

ni.ʔej

*Contraction of nei and ei.

ni-¹

ni

aux. rcp. marking prefix.

ni-²

ni

fem. rcp. prefix.

nia'itai

nja.'ʔi.taj

v. (1) nia'itai ai'ai - to seduce, to lure (into a trap), to deceive; (2) nia'itai misuen - to cheat, to swindle, to defraud.

nian

'njan

fem. n. (1) soul, personality; (2) female ghost, apparition.

niara'

'nja.ɾaʔ

v. (1) to snatch away, to take by guile or force; (2) to steal, to rob. See: misuen.

niba'

ni.'baʔ

v. to kiss. See: tsum.

nifas

ni.'fas

v. (1) nifas hike - to afflict, to trouble; (2) _nifas misuen - to cause suffering, to hurt. See: hike, misuen.

niman

ni.'man

fin. to lick. See: suru, fasat.

nimat

ni.'mat

fem. n. tongue.

nimian

ni.'mjan

fem. n. craftiness, cunning, clever manipulation.

nimias

ni.'mjas

adj. sly, crafty, cunning. See: kiman.

niparan

ni.'pa.ɾan

fin. to reach maturity, adulthood. See: tsuta.

nipias

ni.'pjas

v. to sneak away, to escape, to avoid notice. See: jambas.

nirip

ni.rip

fin. to nibble. See: tsitsip.

nisat

ni.'sat

adj. tightly bound, constricted, trussed up. See: pepe'.
See also: sai.

nisue

ni.sɯ

fin. to be tense, stressed, consumed by anxiety, tormented. See: berana.

nita

ni.ta

*Contraction of nei + ta.

nitai

ni.taj

fin. piercing, penetrating, going through. See: purutai, tsis.

no-

nɔ

neut. rcp. prefix.

no

nɔ

ptcl. neut. rcp. marker.

nu'

'nuʔ

fin. to hold on to, to grasp, to keep in hand. See: kiru.

nu'un

nu.'ʔun

fin. to be occupied with something, to take care of something, to watch a child, to be busy. See: kahai, nabinai.